Airlines (UAL) today reported second-quarter 2023 financial results. The company reported quarterly earnings per share of $3.24 and pre-tax margin of 9.8%. The company set records on an adjusted basis1 with earnings per share of $5.03 and pre-tax margin of 15.3%. The strong financial performance has accelerated the company's efforts to restore its balance sheet, resulting in trailing twelve months adjusted net debt1 to adjusted EBITDAR1 of 2.4x, back to 2019 levels and ahead of its full year 2023 target of less than 3x. The momentum from the second quarter is expected to power the company to full year 2023 adjusted earnings per share2 of $11 to $12, up versus previous guidance of $10 to $12. The all-time quarterly highs in the second quarter and the bright outlook for the future are evidence that the United Next strategy to upgauge the airline, increase connectivity at its mid-continent hubs, and expand its industry leading global network is working.
The company's second quarter performance also benefited from the strength in its network. In the second quarter, United's domestic margins returned to 2019 levels while international margins were well above 2019. United continues to establish its position as the United States flag carrier, with a 27% increase in capacity internationally versus the same quarter last year. Looking to capitalize on demand for international travel, United announced earlier this week a second expansion of its Pacific flying this fall with new flights to Manila, Hong Kong, Taipei and Tokyo (Narita). The airline is expecting to maximize the success of its international business with the largest widebody aircraft order in history that it announced with Boeing in December 2022.
“The United team persevered through an unprecedented series of events at the end of last month. They are the best in the business and we're focused on the important changes we can make, especially in Newark, to serve our customers even better,” said United Airlines CEO Scott Kirby. “United's financial performance in the second quarter and our outlook for the remainder of the year and beyond make it clear that United Next is working and is the right strategy at the right time. Our focus now is on executing that strategy well – because we know it will deliver huge benefits for our customers, our employees and our owners.”
Second-Quarter Financial Results
- Capacity up 17.5% compared to second-quarter 2022.
- Total operating revenue of $14.2 billion, up 17.1% compared to second-quarter 2022.
- TRASM down 0.4% compared to second-quarter 2022.
- CASM down 4.0%, and CASM-ex1 up 2.0%, compared to second-quarter 2022.
- Pre-tax income of $1.4 billion, with a pre-tax margin of 9.8%; adjusted pre-tax income1 of $2.2 billion, with an adjusted pre-tax margin1 of 15.3%.
- Net income of $1.1 billion, adjusted net income1 of $1.7 billion.
- Earnings per share of $3.24, adjusted earnings per share1 of $5.03.
- Average fuel price per gallon of $2.66.
- Trailing twelve months adjusted net debt1 to adjusted EBITDAR1 of 2.4x.
Key Highlights
- Raised $1.3 billion from an offering of enhanced equipment trust certificates (EETC).
- Pre-paid $1 billion of high-coupon debt.
- Launched self-service tool in United's award-winning app that automatically presents travelers personalized re-booking options, bag tracking information and meal and hotel vouchers when eligible if their flight is delayed or cancelled.
- Carried the highest volume of revenue passengers since pre-pandemic.
- In June, achieved highest month for new enrolled members of the MileagePlus® program with approximately 800,000 new members.
- Introduced a blend of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) on departing flights from San Francisco International Airport, making it the third airport where United uses SAF. Also announced plans to use a SAF blend later this summer at London Heathrow Airport.
Operational Performance
- Flew a daily average of more than 2,400 flights, the most mainline flights in a quarter in company history.
- Achieved largest percentage of mainline operated flights in history, with 60% of flights flown by mainline aircraft.
- Increased number of departures on two-cabin aircraft to 87% of departures, versus 68% in second-quarter 2019.
Customer Enhancements
- First airline to launch Live Activities for iPhone, giving customers real-time access to their boarding pass, gate and seat number, and countdown clock to departure time.
- Opened the company's newest United ClubSM in Newark Liberty Airport's new Terminal A.
- Added United Polaris® cabin meal pre-orders on widebody international flights starting in July.
Network
- Flew United's largest schedule across the Atlantic ever, 32% larger than United's 2019 schedule and 10% larger than the next largest US carrier.
- Launched six new international trans-Atlantic routes between Malaga, Spain and Newark/New York, Stockholm, Sweden and Newark/New York, Berlin, Germany and Washington D.C., Barcelona, Spain and Chicago, Shannon, Ireland and Chicago, and Rome, Italy and San Francisco.
- Announced the largest South Pacific expansion in aviation history, becoming the only airline to offer direct service to Christchurch, New Zealand from the Continental United States, via San Francisco, and two new routes between Los Angeles and both Auckland, New Zealand and Brisbane, Australia (subject to government approval).
- Announced large expansion of destinations from its Denver hub, with 35 flights and six new non-stop flights at Denver International Airport including four destinations not served by any other Denver airline. This summer United has more than 50% more flights and destinations than the airline's nearest competitor and will fly its largest schedule in company history from the hub.
Communities
- Welcomed nine new corporate participants to its Eco-Skies Alliance program, set up to contribute to the purchase of sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”). To date the program has invested in the future production of more than five billion gallons of SAF.
- Announced official front-of-shirt sponsorship for Wrexham AFC, the recently promoted Welsh soccer team.
- Provided more than 40,000 pounds of relief cargo, 150 volunteers, and multiple humanitarian flights to Guam to provide support following Super Typhoon Mawar.
- Employees volunteered nearly 5,000 hours at more than 200 events across the globe with a number of non-profit partner organizations.
- Over 4.4 million miles donated by MileagePlus members to more than 40 non-profit organizations via the Miles on a MissionSM program.
- Provided more than $1 million of financial support to environmental and disaster relief partners supporting volunteer efforts.
- Participated in 9 Pride parade activations across United's network.
Earnings Call
UAL will hold a conference call to discuss second quarter 2023 financial results, as well as its financial and operational outlook for third quarter 2023 and beyond, on Thursday, July 20, at 9:30 a.m. CT/10:30 a.m. ET. A live, listen-only webcast of the conference call will be available at ir.united.com. The webcast will be available for replay within 24 hours of the conference call and then archived on the website for three months.
Outlook
This press release should be read in conjunction with the company's Investor Update issued in connection with this quarterly earnings announcement, which provides additional information on the company's business outlook (including certain financial and operational guidance) and is furnished with this press release with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Investor Update is also available at ir.united.com. Management will also discuss certain business outlook items during the quarterly earnings conference call.
The company's business outlook is subject to risks and uncertainties applicable to all forward-looking statements as described elsewhere in this press release. Please see the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
About United
At United, Good Leads The WaySM. With U.S. hubs in Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, New York/Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C., United operates the most comprehensive global route network among North American carriers, and is now the largest airline in the world as measured by available seat miles. For more about how to join the United team, please visit www.united.com/careers and more information about the company is at www.united.com. United Airlines Holdings, Inc., the parent company of United Airlines, Inc., is traded on the Nasdaq under the symbol “UAL”.
Website Information
We routinely post important news and information regarding United on our corporate website, www.united.com, and our investor relations website, ir.united.com. We use our investor relations website as a primary channel for disclosing key information to our investors, including the timing of future investor conferences and earnings calls, press releases and other information about financial performance, reports filed or furnished with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, information on corporate governance and details related to our annual meeting of shareholders. We may use our investor relations website as a means of disclosing material, non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. We may also use social media channels to communicate with our investors and the public about our company and other matters, and those communications could be deemed to be material information. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website or social media channels are not incorporated by reference into, and are not a part of, this document.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements:
This press release and the related attachments and Investor Update (as well as the oral statements made with respect to information contained in this release and the attachments) contain certain “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, relating to, among other things, goals, plans and projections regarding the company's financial position, results of operations, market position, capacity, fleet, announced routes (which may be subject to government approval), product development, ESG targets and business strategy. Such forward-looking statements are based on historical performance and current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the company's future financial results, goals, plans, commitments, strategies and objectives and involve inherent risks, assumptions and uncertainties, known or unknown, including internal or external factors that could delay, divert or change any of them, that are difficult to predict, may be beyond the company's control and could cause the company's future financial results, goals, plans, commitments, strategies and objectives to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the statements. Words such as “should,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “may,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “indicates,” “remains,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “goals,” “targets,” “pledge,” “confident,” “optimistic,” “dedicated,” “positioned” and other words and terms of similar meaning and expression are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms. All statements, other than those that relate solely to historical facts, are forward-looking statements.
Additionally, forward-looking statements include conditional statements and statements that identify uncertainties or trends, discuss the possible future effects of known trends or uncertainties, or that indicate that the future effects of known trends or uncertainties cannot be predicted, guaranteed or assured. All forward-looking statements in this release are based upon information available to us on the date of this release. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise, except as required by applicable law or regulation.
Our actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements due to numerous factors including, without limitation, the following: execution risks associated with our strategic operating plan; changes in our network strategy or other factors outside our control resulting in less economic aircraft orders, costs related to modification or termination of aircraft orders or entry into less favorable aircraft orders, as well as any inability to accept or integrate new aircraft into our fleet as planned; any failure to effectively manage, and receive anticipated benefits and returns from, acquisitions, divestitures, investments, joint ventures and other portfolio actions, or related exposures to unknown liabilities or other issues or underperformance as compared to our expectations; the adverse impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic on our business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity; adverse publicity, harm to our brand, reduced travel demand, potential tort liability and voluntary or mandatory operational restrictions as a result of an accident, catastrophe or incident involving us, our regional carriers, our codeshare partners or another airline; the highly competitive nature of the global airline industry and susceptibility of the industry to price discounting and changes in capacity, including as a result of alliances, joint business arrangements or other consolidations; our reliance on a limited number of suppliers to source a majority of our aircraft and certain parts, and the impact of any failure to obtain timely deliveries, additional equipment or support from any of these suppliers; disruptions to our regional network and United Express flights provided by third-party regional carriers; unfavorable economic and political conditions in the United States and globally (including inflationary pressures); reliance on third-party service providers and the impact of any significant failure of these parties to perform as expected, or interruptions in our relationships with these providers or their provision of services; extended interruptions or disruptions in service at major airports where we operate and space, facility and infrastructure constrains at our hubs or other airports; geopolitical conflict, terrorist attacks or security events; any damage to our reputation or brand image; our reliance on technology and automated systems to operate our business and the impact of any significant failure or disruption of, or failure to effectively integrate and implement, the technology or systems; increasing privacy and data security obligations or a significant data breach; increased use of social media platforms by us, our employees and others; the impacts of union disputes, employee strikes or slowdowns, and other labor-related disruptions or regulatory compliance costs on our operations; any failure to attract, train or retain skilled personnel, including our senior management team or other key employees; the monetary and operational costs of compliance with extensive government regulation of the airline industry; current or future litigation and regulatory actions, or failure to comply with the terms of any settlement, order or arrangement relating to these actions; costs, liabilities and risks associated with environmental regulation and climate change, including our climate goals; high and/or volatile fuel prices or significant disruptions in the supply of aircraft fuel (including as a result of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict); the impacts of our significant amount of financial leverage from fixed obligations and the impacts of insufficient liquidity on our financial condition and business; failure to comply with financial and other covenants governing our debt, including our MileagePlus® financing agreements; the impacts of the proposed phaseout of the London interbank offer rate; limitations on our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes to offset future taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes; our failure to realize the full value of our intangible assets or our long-lived assets, causing us to record impairments; fluctuations in the price of our common stock; the impacts of seasonality, weather events, infrastructure and other factors associated with the airline industry; increases in insurance costs or inadequate insurance coverage and other risks and uncertainties set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, and under “Economic and Market Factors” in Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as well as other risks and uncertainties set forth from time to time in the reports we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Non-GAAP Financial Information:
In discussing financial results and guidance, the company refers to financial measures that are not in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The non-GAAP financial measures are provided as supplemental information to the financial measures presented in this press release that are calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP and are presented because management believes that they supplement or enhance management's, analysts' and investors' overall understanding of the company's underlying financial performance and trends and facilitate comparisons among current, past and future periods. Non-GAAP financial measures such as adjusted operating margin (which excludes special charges), CASM-ex (which excludes the impact of fuel expense, profit sharing, special charges and third-party expenses), adjusted pre-tax margin (which is calculated as pre-tax margin excluding operating and nonoperating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net) and adjusted net income typically have exclusions or adjustments that include one or more of the following characteristics, such as being highly variable, difficult to project, unusual in nature, significant to the results of a particular period or not indicative of past or future operating results. These items are excluded because the company believes they neither relate to the ordinary course of the company's business nor reflect the company's underlying business performance.
Because the non-GAAP financial measures are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered superior to and are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related GAAP financial measures presented in the press release and may not be the same as or comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies due to possible differences in method and in the items being adjusted. We encourage investors to review our financial statements and publicly-filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.
Please refer to the tables accompanying this release for a description of the non-GAAP adjustments and reconciliations of the historical non-GAAP financial measures used to the most comparable GAAP financial measure and related disclosures.
-tables attached-
| UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INCSTATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | %Increase/(Decrease) | Six Months Ended June 30, | %Increase/(Decrease) | ||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share data) | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
| Operating revenue: | |||||||||||||
| Passenger revenue | $ 13,002 | $ 10,829 | 20.1 | $ 23,276 | $ 17,177 | 35.5 | |||||||
| Cargo | 362 | 574 | (36.9) | 760 | 1,201 | (36.7) | |||||||
| Other operating revenue | 814 | 709 | 14.8 | 1,571 | 1,300 | 20.8 | |||||||
| Total operating revenue | 14,178 | 12,112 | 17.1 | 25,607 | 19,678 | 30.1 | |||||||
| Operating expense: | |||||||||||||
| Salaries and related costs | 3,710 | 2,836 | 30.8 | 7,032 | 5,623 | 25.1 | |||||||
| Aircraft fuel | 2,820 | 3,811 | (26.0) | 5,994 | 6,041 | (0.8) | |||||||
| Landing fees and other rent | 765 | 668 | 14.5 | 1,482 | 1,280 | 15.8 | |||||||
| Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs | 686 | 527 | 30.2 | 1,388 | 934 | 48.6 | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 669 | 611 | 9.5 | 1,324 | 1,222 | 8.3 | |||||||
| Regional capacity purchase | 599 | 567 | 5.6 | 1,214 | 1,132 | 7.2 | |||||||
| Distribution expenses | 487 | 393 | 23.9 | 890 | 619 | 43.8 | |||||||
| Aircraft rent | 49 | 67 | (26.9) | 105 | 128 | (18.0) | |||||||
| Special charges | 859 | 112 | NM | 873 | 104 | NM | |||||||
| Other operating expenses | 2,017 | 1,642 | 22.8 | 3,831 | 3,093 | 23.9 | |||||||
| Total operating expense | 12,661 | 11,234 | 12.7 | 24,133 | 20,176 | 19.6 | |||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 1,517 | 878 | 72.8 | 1,474 | (498) | NM | |||||||
| Nonoperating income (expense): | |||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (493) | (420) | 17.4 | (979) | (844) | 16.0 | |||||||
| Interest income | 216 | 33 | NM | 386 | 38 | NM | |||||||
| Interest capitalized | 42 | 22 | 90.9 | 80 | 46 | 73.9 | |||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net | 84 | (40) | NM | 108 | (40) | NM | |||||||
| Miscellaneous, net | 21 | (14) | NM | 62 | 5 | NM | |||||||
| Total nonoperating expense, net | (130) | (419) | (69.0) | (343) | (795) | (56.9) | |||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 1,387 | 459 | 202.2 | 1,131 | (1,293) | NM | |||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 312 | 130 | 140.0 | 250 | (245) | NM | |||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ 1,075 | $ 329 | 226.7 | $ 881 | $ (1,048) | NM | |||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ 3.24 | $ 1.00 | 224.0 | $ 2.66 | $ (3.22) | NM | |||||||
| Diluted weighted average shares | 331.5 | 330.3 | 0.4 | 331.5 | 325.9 | 1.7 | |||||||
| NM Not meaningful | |||||||||||||
| UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.PASSENGER REVENUE INFORMATION AND STATISTICS | |||||||||||||
| Information is as follows (in millions, except for percentage changes): | |||||||||||||
| 2Q 2023PassengerRevenue | PassengerRevenuevs.2Q 2022 | PRASM vs. 2Q 2022 | Yield vs. 2Q 2022 | AvailableSeat Milesvs.2Q 2022 | 2Q 2023 Available Seat Miles (“ASMs”) | 2Q 2023 Revenue Passenger Miles (“RPMs”) | |||||||
| Domestic | $ 7,709 | 7.8 % | (2.4 %) | 0.8 % | 10.5 % | 40,120 | 34,921 | ||||||
| Europe | 2,610 | 41.6 % | 17.3 % | 14.2 % | 20.7 % | 15,360 | 13,123 | ||||||
| Latin America | 1,170 | 8.8 % | 8.9 % | 8.7 % | (0.1 %) | 7,435 | 6,427 | ||||||
| Pacific | 1,115 | 160.5 % | 20.4 % | (4.3) % | 116.4 % | 7,615 | 6,413 | ||||||
| Middle East/India/Africa | 398 | 21.0 % | 4.3 % | 4.5 % | 16.0 % | 3,008 | 2,657 | ||||||
| International | 5,293 | 44.0 % | 13.3 % | 8.9 % | 27.2 % | 33,418 | 28,620 | ||||||
| Consolidated | $ 13,002 | 20.1 % | 2.2 % | 2.6 % | 17.5 % | 73,538 | 63,541 | ||||||
| Select operating statistics are as follows: | ||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | %Increase/(Decrease) | Six Months Ended June 30, | %Increase/(Decrease) | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||
| Passengers (thousands) (a) | 41,945 | 37,923 | 10.6 | 78,767 | 67,256 | 17.1 | ||||||||
| RPMs (millions) (b) | 63,541 | 54,302 | 17.0 | 116,073 | 92,946 | 24.9 | ||||||||
| ASMs (millions) (c) | 73,538 | 62,605 | 17.5 | 139,258 | 115,869 | 20.2 | ||||||||
| Passenger load factor: (d) | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 86.4 % | 86.7 % | (0.3) | pts. | 83.4 % | 80.2 % | 3.2 | pts. | ||||||
| Domestic | 87.0 % | 89.9 % | (2.9) | pts. | 84.1 % | 84.0 % | 0.1 | pts. | ||||||
| International | 85.6 % | 82.4 % | 3.2 | pts. | 82.4 % | 74.6 % | 7.8 | pts. | ||||||
| Passenger revenue per available seat mile (“PRASM”) (cents) | 17.68 | 17.30 | 2.2 | 16.71 | 14.82 | 12.8 | ||||||||
| Total revenue per available seat mile (“TRASM”) (cents) | 19.28 | 19.35 | (0.4) | 18.39 | 16.98 | 8.3 | ||||||||
| Average yield per revenue passenger mile (cents) (e) | 20.46 | 19.94 | 2.6 | 20.05 | 18.48 | 8.5 | ||||||||
| Cargo revenue ton miles (millions) (f) | 768 | 752 | 2.1 | 1,499 | 1,543 | (2.9) | ||||||||
| Aircraft in fleet at end of period | 1,325 | 1,323 | 0.2 | 1,325 | 1,323 | 0.2 | ||||||||
| Average stage length (miles) (g) | 1,497 | 1,432 | 4.5 | 1,465 | 1,403 | 4.4 | ||||||||
| Employee headcount, as of June 30 (in thousands) | 99.8 | 91.2 | 9.4 | 99.8 | 91.2 | 9.4 | ||||||||
| CASM (cents) | 17.22 | 17.94 | (4.0) | 17.33 | 17.41 | (0.5) | ||||||||
| CASM-ex (cents) (h) | 11.85 | 11.62 | 2.0 | 12.18 | 12.05 | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Average aircraft fuel price per gallon | $ 2.66 | $ 4.18 | (36.4) | $ 2.98 | $ 3.58 | (16.8) | ||||||||
| Fuel gallons consumed (millions) | 1,062 | 912 | 16.4 | 2,014 | 1,687 | 19.4 | ||||||||
| (a) | The number of revenue passengers measured by each flight segment flown. |
| (b) | The number of scheduled miles flown by revenue passengers. |
| (c) | The number of seats available for passengers multiplied by the number of scheduled miles those seats are flown. |
| (d) | RPMs divided by ASMs. |
| (e) | The average passenger revenue received for each RPM flown. |
| (f) | The number of cargo revenue tons transported multiplied by the number of miles flown. |
| (g) | Average stage length equals the average distance a flight travels weighted for size of aircraft. |
| (h) | CASM-ex is CASM less the impact of fuel expense, profit sharing, special charges and third-party expenses. See NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION for a reconciliation of CASM-ex to CASM, the most comparable GAAP measure. |
UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION
UAL evaluates its financial performance utilizing various accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (adjusted EBITDA), adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted EBITDA excluding aircraft rent (adjusted EBITDAR), adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted operating margin, adjusted pre-tax income (loss), adjusted pre-tax margin, adjusted net income (loss), adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share, CASM-ex, adjusted capital expenditures, free cash flow, and free cash flow, net of financings, among others. The non-GAAP financial measures are provided as supplemental information to the financial measures presented in this press release that are calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP and are presented because management believes that they supplement or enhance management's, analysts' and investors' overall understanding of the company's underlying financial performance and trends and facilitate comparisons among current, past and future periods.
Because the non-GAAP financial measures are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered superior to and are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related GAAP financial measures presented in the press release and may not be the same as or comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies due to possible differences in method and in the items being adjusted. We encourage investors to review our financial statements and publicly-filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.
The company does not provide a reconciliation of forward-looking measures where the company believes such a reconciliation would imply a degree of precision and certainty that could be confusing to investors and is unable to reasonably predict certain items contained in the GAAP measures without unreasonable efforts. This is due to the inherent difficulty of forecasting the timing or amount of various items that have not yet occurred and are out of the company's control or cannot be reasonably predicted. For the same reasons, the company is unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information. Forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures provided without the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures may vary materially from the corresponding GAAP financial measures. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above. The information below provides an explanation of certain adjustments reflected in the non-GAAP financial measures and shows a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures reported in this press release to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. Within the financial tables presented, certain columns and rows may not add due to the use of rounded numbers. Percentages and earnings per share amounts presented are calculated from the underlying amounts.
CASM: CASM is a common metric used in the airline industry to measure an airline's cost structure and efficiency. UAL reports CASM excluding special charges, third-party business expenses, fuel expense, profit sharing and labor contract ratification bonuses. UAL believes that adjusting for special charges and labor contract ratification bonuses is useful to investors because those items are not indicative of UAL's ongoing performance. UAL also believes that excluding third-party business expenses, such as maintenance, flight academy, ground handling and catering services for third parties, provides more meaningful disclosure because these expenses are not directly related to UAL's core business. UAL also believes that excluding fuel expense from certain measures is useful to investors because it provides an additional measure of management's performance excluding the effects of a significant cost item over which management has limited influence. UAL excludes profit sharing because it believes that this exclusion allows investors to better understand and analyze UAL's operating cost performance and provides a more meaningful comparison of our core operating costs to the airline industry.
Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDAR: UAL also reports EBITDA and EBITDAR excluding special charges, nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net, nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees and nonoperating special termination benefits. UAL believes that adjusting for these items is useful to investors because they are not indicative of UAL's ongoing performance.
Adjusted Capital Expenditures and Free Cash Flow: UAL believes that adjusting capital expenditures for assets acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other financial liabilities is useful to investors in order to appropriately reflect the total amounts spent on capital expenditures. UAL also believes that adjusting net cash provided by (used in) operating activities for capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns, adjusted capital expenditures, and aircraft operating lease additions is useful to allow investors to evaluate the company's ability to generate cash that is available for debt service or general corporate initiatives.
Adjusted Total Debt and Adjusted Net Debt: Adjusted total debt is a non-GAAP financial measure that includes current and long-term debt, operating lease obligations and finance lease obligations, current and noncurrent other financial liabilities and noncurrent pension and postretirement obligations. Adjusted net debt is adjusted total debt minus cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. UAL provides adjusted total debt and adjusted net debt because we believe these measures provide useful supplemental information for assessing the company's debt and debt-like obligation profile.
| Three Months Ended June 30, | %Increase/(Decrease) | Six Months Ended June 30, | %Increase/(Decrease) | |||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
| CASM-ex (cents) | ||||||||||||
| Cost per available seat mile (CASM) (GAAP) | 17.22 | 17.94 | (4.0) | 17.33 | 17.41 | (0.5) | ||||||
| Fuel expense | 3.84 | 6.09 | (36.9) | 4.30 | 5.21 | (17.5) | ||||||
| Special charges | 1.17 | 0.17 | NM | 0.63 | 0.09 | NM | ||||||
| Profit sharing | 0.30 | — | NM | 0.16 | — | NM | ||||||
| Third-party business expenses | 0.06 | 0.06 | — | 0.06 | 0.06 | — | ||||||
| CASM-ex (Non-GAAP) | 11.85 | 11.62 | 2.0 | 12.18 | 12.05 | 1.1 | ||||||
| UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Continued) | ||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | Twelve Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDAR (in millions) | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ 1,075 | $ 329 | $ 881 | $(1,048) | $ 2,666 | $ (1,221) | ||||||
| Adjusted for: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 669 | 611 | 1,324 | 1,222 | 2,558 | 2,464 | ||||||
| Interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest income | 235 | 365 | 513 | 760 | 1,128 | 1,580 | ||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | 312 | 130 | 250 | (245) | 748 | (314) | ||||||
| Special charges | 859 | 112 | 873 | 104 | 909 | (938) | ||||||
| Nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net | (84) | 40 | (108) | 40 | (168) | 199 | ||||||
| Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees | 11 | — | 11 | 7 | 11 | (5) | ||||||
| Special termination benefits | — | — | — | — | — | (15) | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ 3,077 | $ 1,587 | $ 3,744 | $ 840 | $ 7,852 | $ 1,750 | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | 21.7 % | 13.1 % | 14.6 % | 4.3 % | 15.4 % | 4.9 % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ 3,077 | $ 1,587 | $ 3,744 | $ 840 | $ 7,852 | $ 1,750 | ||||||
| Aircraft rent | 49 | 67 | 105 | 128 | 229 | 249 | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDAR | $ 3,126 | $ 1,654 | $ 3,849 | $ 968 | $ 8,081 | $ 1,999 | ||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||
| Adjusted Capital Expenditures (in millions) | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||
| Capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns (GAAP) | $ 1,420 | $ 550 | $ 3,263 | $ 952 | |||
| Property and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases, and other financial liabilities | 359 | — | 559 | — | |||
| Adjusted capital expenditures (Non-GAAP) | $ 1,779 | $ 550 | $ 3,822 | $ 952 | |||
| Free Cash Flow (in millions) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities (GAAP) | $ 3,799 | $ 2,691 | $ 6,941 | $ 4,167 | |||
| Less capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns | 1,420 | 550 | 3,263 | 952 | |||
| Free cash flow, net of financings (Non-GAAP) | $ 2,379 | $ 2,141 | $ 3,678 | $ 3,215 | |||
| Net cash provided by operating activities (GAAP) | $ 3,799 | $ 2,691 | $ 6,941 | $ 4,167 | |||
| Less adjusted capital expenditures (Non-GAAP) | 1,779 | 550 | 3,822 | 952 | |||
| Less aircraft operating lease additions | — | — | — | 4 | |||
| Free cash flow (Non-GAAP) | $ 2,020 | $ 2,141 | $ 3,119 | $ 3,211 | |||
| June 30, | Increase/(Decrease) | |||||
| Adjusted total debt and Adjusted net debt (in millions) | 2023 | 2022 | ||||
| Debt – current and noncurrent (GAAP) | $ 30,293 | $ 32,187 | $ (1,894) | |||
| Operating lease obligations – current and noncurrent | 5,178 | 5,540 | (362) | |||
| Finance lease obligations – current and noncurrent | 370 | 283 | 87 | |||
| Pension and postretirement liabilities – noncurrent | 1,445 | 2,898 | (1,453) | |||
| Other financial liabilities – current and noncurrent | 1,503 | 1,410 | 93 | |||
| Adjusted total debt (Non-GAAP) | $ 38,789 | $ 42,318 | (3,529) | |||
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | $ 9,605 | $ 16,885 | (7,280) | |||
| Short-term investments | 9,533 | 3,190 | 6,343 | |||
| Adjusted net debt | $ 19,651 | $ 22,243 | (2,592) | |||
| Adjusted net debt divided by twelve months ended June 30 adjusted EBITDAR | 2.4 | 11.1 | ||||
| UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Continued) | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | %Increase/(Decrease) | Six Months Ended June 30, | %Increase/(Decrease) | ||||||||
| (in millions) | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Operating income (loss) (GAAP) | $ 1,517 | $ 878 | 72.8 | $ 1,474 | $ (498) | NM | |||||
| Special charges | 859 | 112 | NM | 873 | 104 | NM | |||||
| Adjusted operating income (loss) (Non-GAAP) | $ 2,376 | $ 990 | 140.0 | $ 2,347 | $ (394) | NM | |||||
| Operating margin | 10.7 % | 7.2 % | 3.5 pts | 5.8 % | (2.5) % | 8.3 pts | |||||
| Adjusted operating margin (Non-GAAP) | 16.8 % | 8.2 % | 8.6 pts | 9.2 % | (2.0) % | 11.2 pts | |||||
| Pre-tax income (loss) (GAAP) | $ 1,387 | $ 459 | 202.2 | $ 1,131 | $ (1,293) | NM | |||||
| Adjusted to exclude: | |||||||||||
| Special charges | 859 | 112 | NM | 873 | 104 | NM | |||||
| Unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net | (84) | 40 | NM | (108) | 40 | NM | |||||
| Debt extinguishment and modification fees | 11 | — | NM | 11 | 7 | NM | |||||
| Adjusted pre-tax income (loss) (Non-GAAP) | $ 2,173 | $ 611 | 255.6 | $ 1,907 | $ (1,142) | NM | |||||
| Pre-tax margin | 9.8 % | 3.8 % | 6.0 pts. | 4.4 % | (6.6) % | 11.0 pts. | |||||
| Adjusted pre-tax margin (Non-GAAP) | 15.3 % | 5.0 % | 10.3 pts. | 7.4 % | (5.8) % | 13.2 pts. | |||||
| Net income (loss) (GAAP) | $ 1,075 | $ 329 | 226.7 | $ 881 | $ (1,048) | NM | |||||
| Adjusted to exclude: | |||||||||||
| Special charges | 859 | 112 | NM | 873 | 104 | NM | |||||
| Unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net | (84) | 40 | NM | (108) | 40 | NM | |||||
| Debt extinguishment and modification fees | 11 | — | NM | 11 | 7 | NM | |||||
| Income tax benefit on adjustments, net | (194) | (10) | NM | (197) | (10) | NM | |||||
| Adjusted net income (loss) (Non-GAAP) | $ 1,667 | $ 471 | 253.9 | $ 1,460 | $ (907) | NM | |||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share (GAAP) | $ 3.24 | $ 1.00 | 224.0 | $ 2.66 | $ (3.22) | NM | |||||
| Adjusted to exclude: | |||||||||||
| Special charges | 2.59 | 0.34 | NM | 2.63 | 0.32 | NM | |||||
| Unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net | (0.25) | 0.12 | NM | (0.33) | 0.12 | NM | |||||
| Debt extinguishment and modification fees | 0.03 | — | NM | 0.03 | 0.03 | NM | |||||
| Income tax benefit on adjustments, net | (0.58) | (0.03) | NM | (0.59) | (0.03) | NM | |||||
| Adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share (Non-GAAP) | $ 5.03 | $ 1.43 | 251.7 | $ 4.40 | $ (2.78) | NM | |||||
| NM Not Meaningful | |||||||||||
| UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) | |||
| (In millions) | June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |
| ASSETS | |||
| Current assets: | |||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ 9,605 | $ 7,166 | |
| Short-term investments | 9,533 | 9,248 | |
| Restricted cash | 38 | 45 | |
| Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $15; 2022 — $11) | 2,004 | 1,801 | |
| Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2023 — $648; 2022 — $610) | 1,290 | 1,109 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other | 836 | 689 | |
| Total current assets | 23,306 | 20,058 | |
| Total operating property and equipment, net | 37,128 | 34,448 | |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 3,995 | 3,889 | |
| Other assets: | |||
| Goodwill | 4,527 | 4,527 | |
| Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2023 — $1,477; 2022 — $1,472) | 2,744 | 2,762 | |
| Restricted cash | 238 | 210 | |
| Deferred income taxes | — | 91 | |
| Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $21; 2022 — $21) | 1,403 | 1,373 | |
| Total other assets | 8,912 | 8,963 | |
| Total assets | $ 73,341 | $ 67,358 | |
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||
| Current liabilities: | |||
| Accounts payable | $ 4,172 | $ 3,395 | |
| Accrued salaries and benefits | 3,223 | 1,971 | |
| Advance ticket sales | 10,102 | 7,555 | |
| Frequent flyer deferred revenue | 2,841 | 2,693 | |
| Current maturities of long-term debt | 3,580 | 2,911 | |
| Current maturities of operating leases | 571 | 561 | |
| Current maturities of finance leases | 225 | 104 | |
| Current maturities of other financial liabilities | 35 | 23 | |
| Other | 826 | 779 | |
| Total current liabilities | 25,575 | 19,992 | |
| Long-term liabilities and deferred credits: | |||
| Long-term debt | 26,713 | 28,283 | |
| Long-term obligations under operating leases | 4,607 | 4,459 | |
| Long-term obligations under finance leases | 145 | 115 | |
| Frequent flyer deferred revenue | 4,183 | 3,982 | |
| Pension liability | 804 | 747 | |
| Postretirement benefit liability | 641 | 671 | |
| Deferred income taxes | 133 | — | |
| Other financial liabilities | 1,468 | 844 | |
| Other | 1,367 | 1,369 | |
| Total long-term liabilities and deferred credits | 40,061 | 40,470 | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 7,705 | 6,896 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ 73,341 | $ 67,358 | |
| UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) | |||
| (In millions) | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | |||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ 6,941 | $ 4,167 | |
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | |||
| Capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns | (3,263) | (952) | |
| Purchases of short-term and other investments | (6,876) | (3,302) | |
| Proceeds from sale of short-term and other investments | 6,702 | 215 | |
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 9 | 138 | |
| Other, net | 1 | (13) | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (3,427) | (3,914) | |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | |||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt and other financing liabilities, net of discounts and fees | 1,591 | 212 | |
| Payments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilities | (2,614) | (1,795) | |
| Other, net | (31) | (71) | |
| Net cash used in financing activities | (1,054) | (1,654) | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 2,460 | (1,401) | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period | 7,421 | 18,533 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period | $ 9,881 | $ 17,132 | |
| Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash: | |||
| Property and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other | $ 559 | $ — | |
| Right-of-use assets acquired through operating leases | 434 | 84 | |
| Lease modifications and lease conversions | 349 | 82 | |
| Investment interests received in exchange for goods and services | 25 | 44 | |
| UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.NOTES (UNAUDITED) | |||||||||
| Special charges and unrealized gains on investments, net include the following: | |||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| (In millions) | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
| Operating: | |||||||||
| Labor contract ratification bonuses | $ 813 | $ — | $ 813 | $ — | |||||
| (Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges | 46 | 112 | 60 | 104 | |||||
| Total operating special charges | 859 | 112 | 873 | 104 | |||||
| Nonoperating: | |||||||||
| Nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net | (84) | 40 | (108) | 40 | |||||
| Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees | 11 | — | 11 | 7 | |||||
| Total nonoperating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net | (73) | 40 | (97) | 47 | |||||
| Total operating and nonoperating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net | 786 | 152 | 776 | 151 | |||||
| Income tax benefit, net of valuation allowance | (194) | (10) | (197) | (10) | |||||
| Total operating and non-operating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net of income taxes | $ 592 | $ 142 | $ 579 | $ 141 | |||||
Labor contract ratification bonuses: In July 2023, the company reached an Agreement in Principle (“AIP”) with its employees represented by the Air Line Pilots Association regarding a contract that became amendable in January 2019. The AIP includes numerous work rule changes and pay rate increases during the four-year term. The agreement also includes a provision for a one-time payment upon ratification. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the company recorded $765 million of expenses associated with this AIP relating to wages for 2022 and prior years. Also on May 1, 2023, the company and the International Association of Machinists & Aerospace Workers (“IAM”) ratified five contracts covering nearly 30,000 IAM-represented fleet service, passenger service, storekeepers, maintenance instructors and fleet technical instructors and related employees. The company recorded a one-time $48 million expense in conjunction with the ratification.
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges: During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the company recorded $46 million and $60 million, respectively, of net charges primarily comprised of reserves for various legal matters, accelerated depreciation related to certain of the company's assets that will be retired early and other gains and losses on the sale of assets.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the company recorded $112 million and $104 million, respectively, of net charges primarily comprised of $94 million for various legal matters.
Nonoperating unrealized gains on investments, net: All amounts represent changes to the market value of equity investments.
Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees: During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the company recorded $11 million of charges primarily related to the prepayment of $1.0 billion of the outstanding principal amount under a 2021 term loan facility.
During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the company recorded $7 million of charges primarily related to the early redemption of $400 million of its outstanding principal amount of the 4.25% senior notes due 2022.
Effective tax rate:
The company's effective tax rates were as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||
| Effective tax rate | 22.5 % | 28.3 % | 22.1 % | 18.9 % | |||
The provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate, which represents a blend of federal, state and foreign taxes and includes the impact of certain nondeductible items. The provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was calculated using a discrete effective tax rate method. We determined that applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate to income or loss for the interim reporting period would not provide a reliable estimate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, since small changes in estimated income would have resulted in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate.
| 1 For additional information about the non-GAAP measures used in this press release, see “Non-GAAP Financial Information” below. | ||||||
| 2 Adjusted diluted earnings per share is a measure that is not calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and excludes operating and non-operating special charges and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net. We are not providing a target for or a reconciliation to diluted earnings per share, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, because we are unable to predict the excluded items noted above contained in the GAAP measure without unreasonable efforts, and therefore we also are not able to predict the probable significance of such items. For additional information about the non-GAAP measures used in this press release, see “Non-GAAP Financial Information” below. | ||||||
