Sergio Sovero
Aircraft Certification
In the United States, the FAA is ultimately responsible to oversee the safety, design, production, and airworthiness of all U.S. civil aviation products. Aircraft-type...
Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF)
Pilots are trained to use all available resources when abnormal situations arise, such as emergencies. During airport operations, a critical safety role is delegated...
Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)
The National Airspace System (NAS) includes Special Use Airspace to restrict or regulate civilian operations in sensitive areas. While many of these areas are...
Runway Safety Lights (RWSLs)
Runway Safety Lights (RWSLs) are systems installed across 20 airports within the United States designed to avoid runway incursions, prevent collisions, and the loss...
Winter Weather: Freezing Rain, Drizzle and Fog
Freezing rain, drizzle, and fog are often misunderstood weather phenomena by pilots. As we transition into winter flying, these conditions pose a major threat...
Introduction to Light Multi-Engine Aircraft
Multi-engine airplanes are generally capable of carrying heavier loads than single-engine aircraft, as well as flying faster and higher. However, they also present additional...
Center of Gravity: Effect on Flight Characteristics
Center of gravity (CG) is a critical concept to ensure an aircraft is operated within safe margins and design envelopes. Since the beginning of...
Understanding ATC: the Difference Between TRACON and ARTCC
When flying in controlled airspace, especially under IFR, pilots interact regularly with two very different types of air traffic controllers: those at Terminal Radar...
Hypoxia in Aviation: Understanding Risks and Prevention
At altitude, available oxygen drops. For example, at 18,000 feet each breath has only half the oxygen as at sea level. Because the brain...
Low-Level Windshear Detection
Low-level wind shear is one of the most hazardous weather phenomena affecting aviation, posing significant risks to aircraft during takeoff and landing. Wind shear...





































































